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N N PPPPP SSSSS
NN N P P S Nominal
N N N P P S
N N N PPPPP SSSS Pipe
N N N P S
N NN P S Size
N N P SSSSS
Piping Database
Version 2.1
Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992
Herne Data Systems Ltd.
PO Box 250
Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0
CANADA
Voice or FAX (519) 366-2732
CompuServe 72060,1153
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE FINE PRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
REGISTRATION BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS . . . . . . . iii
ASP OMBUDSMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FIRST TIME START UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PROGRAM OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DISPLAYING ADDITIONAL PIPING DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
SELECTING THE PIPING MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
CHANGING THE DEFAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
APPENDIX B: ENHANCEMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . 8
i
THE FINE PRINT
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT
Users of N P S must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
"N P S is supplied as is. The author disclaims all
warranties, expressed or implied, including, without
limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness
for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for
damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the
use of N P S."
N P S is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to
the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your
friends, but please do not give it away altered or as part of
another system. The essence of "user-supported" software is to
provide personal computer users with quality software without
high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to
continue to develop new products. If you find this program
useful and find that you continue to use N P S after a 30 day
trial period, you must make a registration payment of $29.95
(US), $32.95 (CDN) (plus $2 postage) to Herne Data Systems Ltd.
Cheque, money order, VISA credit card and corporate/institutional
purchase orders are accepted. The single user registration fee
will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one
time. You must treat this software just like a book. An example
is that this software may be used by any number of people and may
be freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as
there is no possibility of it being used at one location while
it's being used at another. Just as a book cannot be read by two
different persons at the same time.
Commercial, corporate and institutional users of N P S must
register and pay for their copies of N P S within 30 days of
first use or their license is withdrawn. Site Licenses are
available for $100 (US) or $120 (CDN) directly from Herne Data
Systems Ltd.
Any individual, corporation or institution distributing N P S for
any kind of remuneration must first contact Herne Data Systems
Ltd. at the address below for authorization. This authorization
will be granted automatically to distributors recognized by the
ASP as adhering to its guidelines for shareware distributors, and
such distributors may begin offering N P S immediately (However
Herne Data Systems Ltd. must still be advised so that the
distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest version of
N P S.).
You are encouraged to pass a copy of N P S along to your friends
for evaluation. Please encourage them to register their copy if
ii
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
they find that they can use it.
N P S is also avaliable in a Windows 3.x version. Look for the
file PIPEW2.EXE or PIPEW2.ZIP on your favorite BBS or shareware
supplier.
REGISTRATION BENEFITS
All registered users will receive a copy of the latest version of
the N P S system, along with free technical support and updates
for 90 days. Registered users can also update to later versions
(beyond the initial 90 day free support period) for a nominal
update fee of $5.00 plus $2.00 postage and handling.
If you have the piping specifications for a material which is not
included in the data file, please forward it to us at the address
listed below. If we include it in the next version, we will send
you a free update.
REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS
Please address all registration requests and customer support
inquiries to:
Herne Data Systems Ltd.,
PO Box 250, Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA
voice or FAX (519)366-2732
Technical support can also be obtained on CompuServe by directing
inquiries to 72060,1153.
ASP OMBUDSMAN
This program is produced by a member of the Association of
Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the
shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve
a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the
member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can
help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but
does not provide technical support for members' products. Please
write to the ASP Ombudsman at: 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI
49442 USA or send a Compuserve message via easyplex to ASP
Ombudsman 70007,3536
iii
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE
Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try software
before buying it. If you try a Shareware program and continue
using it after a reasonable evaluation period, you are expected
to register. Individual programs differ on details -- some
request registration while others require it, some specify a
maximum trial period. With registration, you get anything from
the simple right to continue using the software to an updated
program with printed manual.
Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software,
and the copyright holder retains all rights, with a few specific
exceptions as stated below. Shareware authors are accomplished
programmers, just like commercial authors, and the programs are
of comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good programs
and bad ones!) The main difference is in the method of
distribution. The author specifically grants the right to copy
and distribute the software, either to all and sundry or to a
specific group. For example, some authors require written
permission before a commercial disk vendor may copy their
Shareware.
Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. You
should find software that suits your needs and pocketbook,
whether it's commercial or Shareware. The Shareware system makes
fitting your needs easier, because you can try before you buy.
And because the overhead is low, prices are low also. Shareware
has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if you don't use the
product, you don't pay for it.
iv
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
How big is a six inch pipe? If you guessed six inches, you would
be wrong. For many engineers, engineering students, plumbers,
and other professionals, this is a tough question, but one which
needs and answer (usually immediately or sooner!). Finding the
answer used to be a job in itself - searching through the
handbook tables only to discover that the material or size of
pipe you wanted was not listed in the table. Now there is N P S,
the user friendly computerized database of piping information
from Herne Data Systems Ltd. Written by a professional engineer,
N P S contains data on more than 3000 sizes and types of standard
and specialty piping and tubing in over 25 different materials
including metals, plastics and composites.
By the way, the correct answer to the above question is - it
depends on the material and classification of the pipe.
N P S (Nominal Pipe Size) gives the user instant access to all
important piping parameters: true inside and outside diameters,
wall thickness, linear weight, cross sectional and surface areas,
moment of inertia, section modulus, radius of gyration and water
flow capacity in US, Imperial or metric units. The data have
been compiled from a number of international and industrial
standards.
The N P S program consists of a number of files as listed below:
NPS.EXE The main N P S program.
NPS.DTA The piping data file for the N P S program.
NPS.CFG (Optional) contains the screen colors and other
program default information. If this file is not
present, N P S will use its own internal default
colors of white on black and US units for weights
and dimensions.
NPS.DOC This documentation file.
UPDATE.DOC (Optional) contains information on new features or
enhancements since the last version.
RUN-ME.BAT Run this batch file the first time you use N P S.
It will display the ASP shareware ombudsman
information then start-up the help mode of N P S.
ASP.COM Displays the Association of Shareware
1
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Professionals (ASP) ombudsman message.
Of the files listed above, only NPS.EXE and NPS.DTA are
absolutely required to run N P S. NPS.CFG is created when you
save new program defaults.
N P S works on all MS-DOS compatible computers with at least 512k
RAM and one floppy drive running DOS 3.0 or later. All display
adaptors are supported. A hard drive is not required but is
recommended for speed of initial database loading.
This documentation assumes that the reader is reasonably familiar
with the operation of his/her computer and understands how to
invoke simple MS-DOS commands.
N P S is part of the Engineering Applications and
Reference Series from Herne Data Systems Ltd. This
series is designed to give engineers, scientists and
engineering students access to low cost utilities
catering to their technical specialty.
A Windows 3.x version of N P S is also available.
FIRST TIME START UP
Before using N P S for the first time, it is a good idea to make
a backup copy. On a two floppy drive system, this can be done
with a simple DOS COPY *.* command. On a hard drive system, you
may want to create a new subdirectory for N P S (with the command
MD NPS) before copying the files. (You may also wish to add the
NPS directory to your PATH statement in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file so
that you can access N P S from any directory on your system.
N P S will NOT modify the AUTOEXEC.BAT file on its own).
When it is run, N P S will automatically load its data files from
the same subdirectory that the NPS.EXE file is in. Therefore, as
a minimum the files NPS.EXE and NPS.DTA must be in the same
subdirectory. If NPS.CFG is present, it must be located in the
same subdirectory also.
The first time you use N P S, insert the N P S disk in your
default drive (or change to the N P S directory on your hard
drive) and type in the command:
RUN-ME <enter>
at the DOS prompt. This will display the ASP ombudsman message
2
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
and start N P S in the 'help' mode. Help mode will give a brief
description of the program options and registration details.
Press the <Esc> (escape) key on any of the help screens to exit
and return to DOS, or the <Enter> key to start the main N P S
program.
PROGRAM OPTIONS
To start the main N P S program, type in:
NPS <enter>
at the DOS prompt. After a few moments (the exact time depends
on how long it takes to load the NPS.DTA file, based on the speed
of your disk drive and the length of the file), the main display
screen will be appear.
The main screen displays the nominal pipe size (i.e. what the
pipe is usually called in catalogs and specifications), the class
or schedule (a code number that refers to the wall thickness of
the pipe or tube), and the true outside diameter (OD), inside
diameter (ID), and wall thickness dimensions. The nominal
dimensions are always displayed in their customary fashion (i.e.
those found in catalog listings). The actual dimensions can be
displayed in either inches or centimetres as selected from the
CONFIGURE menu.
The <cursor up>, <cursor down>, <PgUp>, <PgDn>, <Home> and <End>
keys are used to select the pipe size for detailed data display.
The <cursor up> and <cursor down> keys will move one line at a
time, the <PgUp> and <PgDn> keys will move one screen at a time
and <Home> and <End> will move to the start and end of the list
respectively.
The main program options are selected using the function keys.
Press:
<F1> to start HELP mode;
<F2> to select the pipe or tube material;
<F3> (or <Enter>) to display additional data for the
selected pipe size and material;
<F4> to select screen colors and other system defaults.
The <Esc> key is used to QUIT N P S and return to DOS.
3
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Most pipes are displayed as NPS (nominal pipe size, also called
IPS). Pipes and tubes are also classified by wall thickness. In
most cases, this will be a 'schedule' number (such as 40, 80,
160). Other designations are ST (standard wall); XS (extra
strong); and XX (double extra strong). These numbers all relate
to the thickness of the pipe or tube wall, and thus to its
pressure retaining ability. Some materials are classified by
pressure class, such as class 150 or class 250. Again these
numbers reflect the different wall thicknesses required to hold
these pressures. BWG numbers (Birmingham wire gauge) are often
used for tube wall thickness.
DISPLAYING ADDITIONAL PIPING DATA
Pressing the <Enter> or <F3> key will display additional data for
the selected pipe size and material: weight per foot (pounds per
foot of length) or meter (kilograms per metre of length) of pipe;
cross sectional area of the bore and pipe wall (square inches or
square centimetres); inside and outside surface area of the wall
(square inches per foot of length or square centimetres per metre
of length); section modulus (inches ^ 3 or centimetres ^ 3);
moment of inertia (inches ^4 or centimetres ^ 4); radius of
gyration (inches or centimetres); and water flow capacity at 1
ft/s (or 1 m/s) in volumetric (gallons per minute or litres per
second) and mass units (pounds per hour or kilograms per hour).
The dimensions can be displayed in either inch or centimetre
units; the weights can be displayed in either pounds or
kilograms and the flow volumes can be displayed in US gallons,
Imperial gallons, or litres, depending on the settings of the
system defaults (see CHANGING THE DEFAULTS below).
The NPS.DTA file contains data on the inside and outside diameter
for each nominal pipe size and the density of each material in
inch-pound units. All other parameters (wall thickness, weight,
areas, flow capacity and all metric values) are calculated from
these numbers. Details of the calculations are summarized in
APPENDIX A. The linear weight of pipe is calculated based on a
nominal density for the selected material. Weights for other
materials can be estimated by multiplying the given weight by the
ratio of the material's density to the given density.
SELECTING THE PIPING MATERIAL
Most piping materials are available in a variety of sizes.
However, not all sizes are available in all materials and some
materials have non-standard sizing designations. Recognizing
4
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
this, N P S allows the user to select from among a list of common
piping materials. To display the list press function key <F2>.
(Version 2.1 of the N P S data file contains over 25 materials,
consisting of over 3000 sizes of pipe and tube.) To select the
material, choose from the list with the <cursor up> and <cursor
down> keys; then press <Enter>. The currently selected material
will be displayed at the top right of the screen. The currently
selected material will also be SAVEd when the current defaults
are saved from the CONFIGURE menu.
The data used in N P S has been compiled from a wide variety of
industry standards. While great care has been taken to ensure
the accuracy of the data, Herne Data Systems Ltd. assumes no
liability for errors or omissions.
If you have the piping specifications for a material
which is not included in this list, please forward it
to Herne Data Systems Ltd. If we include it in the
next version, we will send you a free update.
CHANGING THE DEFAULTS
The CONFIGURE menu lets the user change default screen colors and
display units. To access the configuration menu, press function
key <F4>. To select an item to change, press <cursor up> or
<cursor down>. To change the value of an item press <cursor
left> or <cursor right>. This will toggle through the range of
acceptable values. Note that not all screen color combinations
will work on all types of displays, especially monochrome
displays. On color systems, 16 foreground and 8 background
colors can be selected. The dimensional units can be selected as
US (pounds, inches, US gals), Imperial (pounds, inches, Imperial
gals), or Metric (kg, cm, litres).
To SAVE the current defaults, press the <F10> key. When you save
the defaults, N P S will automatically create the file NPS.CFG in
the directory where the NPS.EXE and NPS.DTA files reside.
To return to the main program without saving the new defaults,
press <Esc> or <Enter>. If you do not save the new defaults, N P
S will prompt you to save them when you QUIT the program.
Thank you for using N P S. Another quality product from Herne
Data Systems Ltd.
5
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS
The following calculation methods are used in N P S. (All units are
normalized by N P S to ensure dimensional correctness).
wall_thickness = (outside_diameter - inside_diameter) / 2
bore_area = (pi / 4) x (inside_diameter) ^ 2
wall_area = [(pi / 4) x (outside_diameter) ^ 2] - bore_area
linear_weight = wall_area x unit_length x material_density
section_modulus = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)]
-------------------------------------------------
[32 x outside_diameter]
moment_of_inertia = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)]
-------------------------------------------------
64
radius_of_gyration = [(outside_diameter^2) + (inside_diameter^2)] ^0.5
-------------------------------------------------
4
material_density = density of the piping material. For a list of the
densities used, see the HELP screen on the main N P S
program.
vol_flow_capacity = bore_area x flow_velocity
mass_flow_capacity = vol_flow_capacity x water_density
flow_velocity = 1 foot/second for US and Imperial units
= 1 metre/second for Metric units
water_density = 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch for US and Imperial units
= 1 gram/cubic centimetre for Metric units
6
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
The following constants are used for conversions between US, Imperial and
Metric units:
1 foot = 0.3048 metre
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 US gal = 3.785 litres
1 Imp gal = 4.54 litres
1 pound = 0.454 kg
Additional constants used:
pi = 3.14159
7
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX B: ENHANCEMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS
Release 2.1 (92-09-13) includes the following improvements over
release 2.0:
- Expanded database now includes over 3000 sizes of pipes and
tubes. A full range of instrument tubing sizes was added.
Material types are now listed alphabetically.
- Minor bug fix: metric value for radius of gyration now
displays correctly.
Release 2.0 (92-06-08) includes the following improvements over
release 1.2:
- Display of piping data now includes section modulus, moment
of inertia, and radius of gyration.
- Expanded piping database now includes a full range of TEMA
heat exchanger tubes under the material 'Steel Boiler
Tubes'.
- User selectable colors for pop-up data windows.
Bug fixes:
- Previous version showed incorrect metric values for inside
and outside surface area. (Value shown was actually square
centimetres per inch of pipe length.)
Release 1.2 (92-02-08) includes the following improvements over
release 1.1:
- Expanded database of piping materials and sizes, now
includes over 2000 pipe sizes in over 25 different
materials.
- Expanded documentation.
8